Saturday, October 26, 2013
Lessons from Japan
One American manager who went to Japan for training time , which is defined as the day on both sides of the street where a car was parked that attracted my attention leave behavior callant . He is seriously a particular temperature was busy cleaning a car , stood incontinence . Such a person who strives to keep your car clean and had attracted me . Young men hugged after cleaning and adjusting the mirror , and went his way , a few meters away stood waiting at the bus stop . His behavior was confused . I approached and asked him unless you have a clean car that was not yours ? Looked at me and smiled and said : I am a factory worker in the car of its production. I do not want a car that we 've built to look dirty and untidy .
everyday is another benefit .
Vsmymy authorities were good workers and workers who have to obey them . All subjects were given the authorities there . Where he was responsible for their behavior in a way that workers were willing to work , so that if one day he does not come over to his colleagues at work , or even device which was working to tight ., that they may help us? Or do they let us do it together . Managers have tried meme staff . For example, when the manager saw the dirty part of the plant has a white towel tied to the forehead and there was a vacuum . Even family members who accompany a factory where the employees worked . No one is afraid of his own .gently explained that there is no better way to work did you do ? If the moon did not Vkarsh fine defaulters who did a considerable sum was to be rewarded . This caused the employee to be promoted regularly Srkarsh be present .
Time to talk or communicate with a worker will be considered . Superintendent moments while working on the pretext of training the worker spoke to better understand Rvhyatsh . When he had problems with his supervisor spoke to workers to solve problems is reflected above . The owner of the factory workers never literal , or my company will not work . . As the owner of a typical worker in our factory , all the words were used . When the company was profitable to the benefit of all rights of distribution were compared . So all hands are working . Their world is a world of harmonious cooperation . They have a vacation in the name of " Golden Week " in Japan nearly four months , thoughtful factories are closed .nice work .
While companies in Japan , there is a section called Knsa ( QC ) , which is the pulse of every plant , every person tries to control the work of the previous one , so they all try to make a good piece and perfectwork is delivered to return it , trying to do the best job . In fact, the production line , each customer segment , as compared to other sectors .
Officials there claim they do not know how to do everything themselves, workers can just as easily leave comments .
If a worker is found during work piece size is one-tenth micron delivered fast to the employer notice. Owner , company manager of the Supplier notice. The manager even if the company has a huge gap in the day to bring the plant up to Vjbran apologize .
_
Toyota plants in Japan had gone for a training mission . Tell them that we see the product lines , order, ruling Vanzbat , procedures , methods of production, and so we had the pleasure of shooting we were doing . But our teacher told us to shoot and then see if it is something you will learn and display purposes only . You need something beyond what you see, see ! What is not visible, and it is the spirit that work !
The Japanese tend to coordinate their work . When they are asked, Who are you ? In order to respond to their name and the name of the company or organization where the work will take . Even a university professor who is an economist , he will say : I am a professor at Tokyo University .
Edwin Land , inventor of the Polaroid camera , Polaroid corporate life of about fifteen years , was in charge of its management . When companies are increasingly grew Edo Land yen , to form the company's senior management team .
And the company's own laboratory for the manufacture of self- management consulting firm , announced in basic research
Friday, October 25, 2013
Systematic Thinking
Introduction :
The purpose of this paper is to address these attitudes . Holistic approach or system. In this paper is presented as the systemic thinking . The " system of systems thinking will be described in terms of management and systems thinking is discussed . With the hope that attention be utilized . »
System definitions :
The system we have different definitions of the structural essence of all of them thus ;
" The system consists of a set of components linked together in ways that are taking steps to achieve the overall goal ."
The system can not be limited to material objects in the system according to another definition of thought beyond the tangible and physical objects , we thus defined ;
" The overall system is composed of related components , an organized body of material or non-material things "
Thought wire material can be known about the smallest atom to the galaxies were used .
The system can be observed in the human or animal body , hence ;
" The system is a collection of organs or body parts of animals which have the same structure and are similar or serve a specific purpose . Like the animal body as a whole "
As mentioned previously, a system of thought or mental templates that can be utilized in a collision phenomena . The idea of a small cell system to humans, human societies and organizations and can be used in the solar system and galaxies . In fact , our system limits the scope of our subject .
Interferometer system:
The system may be used at the same time in several systems . While a student is part of a family , the school system , the football team , youth team and the neighborhood is located. A member of the office staff on one hand and on the other systems, like a family member , a mosque, cooperative banks, and it is . A bus driver in the transport system that at one time , the family, society and the summary is a member of the social system bus passengers .
Systems thinking :
Since the two kinds of attitude is common phenomena . In other words, communities , scientists and experts of every phenomenon in two different modes put his attention . These two approaches were:
A - Attitude oriented analysis and mechanistic
B - holistic or systemic approach
Both approaches have their roots in ancient civilizations used at different times and their interests have benefited human society . Analysis -oriented attitude first type is derived from the ancient Greek philosophers thought . The phenomenon is first divided into components and the study of the behavior of each component to achieve the behavior of the phenomenon . In other words, the behavior of phenomena, knows the sum of its components ' behavior .
1 - The only thing for him to accept that truth is clear .
2 - any question as long as possible is decomposed into smaller elements .
3 - work to start by examining the simplest element , then gradually and in an orderly manner to the study of more complex deals. To the characteristics of the phenomenon it seeks to take certain actions or causes of the phenomenon, see.
System and the environment :
Each system has a larger range where the environment is considered , the system is affected and affects its environment . The environment is something that acts as an intermediary in the trading system . For example, humans have a system that is located in a geographical area . The ambient air, food and other needs and provides his own cause changes in the environment . Human family and the larger systems in which they interact , forming environment .
Systems theory was first introduced in the physical sciences to other disciplines such as management was pulled. System , a set of inter-related elements that make a Klmlmy . Four types of organizational system receives input from the environment : material , human, financial and information resources . The combination of its inputs and transformed them again as goods and services, profits , losses, employee behavior , and the additional information into the environment . The system outputs according to the feedback received from the environment is .
How to think ?
Mental fitness is a condition of entry into the world system . Two simple examples of the lack of systemic thinking in our society.
You respond immediately means that the car has four wheels . The questioner asks again whether there may be a car with three wheels ? Pay more deep thinking and a means impossible that you do not know and maybe you've seen something similar in the past . Once you have adjusted your answer , yes, it is possible that there is a car with three wheels . But , why does not end here . See with any question you have been forced to adopt a new way of thinking each time into a new realm of thinking you have been given . An example of a typical example of the kind of thinking that makes us the foundation for personal and social behavior . As usual , we lost the idea of getting into rigid habits have been released on to a new way of thinking about ourselves and bring their new ideas to every moment and every time . Scientific and practical relations of phenomena to think we have entered a new world . Shows us a world where the wonders of creation and the limitless potential of the human mind and the intelligence that we have discovered .
Complex world of wonder that it continues to infinity . It is observed that all the capacity and complexity of a single cell to create a world system and its creator galaxies choice but to surrender and bow will not .
Classification System:
Classification system of open and closed systems :
As stated on the basis of different systems can be classified . One classification system is differentiated into two types : open and closed .
In some systems , and in this respect at least some of the peak . Thus it is absolutely closed, partially closed and open systems can be divided into three categories .
Hierarchical system:
Smaller systems into larger systems and larger systems as the systems are still greater . In this regard, smaller systems to larger systems include systems Mshmvlv say.
Forms of communication and interactions of the system:
Each system has two types of interaction.with the external environment. This kind of interaction can also be done in a variety of forms and concepts .
Continuity and rupture forces in the system:
The integrity of the system elements and their support system elements are trying to break it . We call the elements of the division of transplantation . Such mechanisms are used in natural systems . In contrast to other factors , we are in the collection and disposal of pesticides, so its critical to keep the system in equilibrium . Renal glands produce sweat , and among them , the creation of self-regulatory systems have made it possible to survive the creatures .
Each input can be output to other systems :
Each input and output can be output to other systems constitute dimensional input systems probably others.gas , heater , fan , air conditioner and other systems is used as input .
First of all systems of the future system performance can be affected by :
- The end result is not necessarily profitable .
Closing time :
Systems in different directories that share its goals . There are several guidelines to solve every problem that the system can use one or more of your goals makes practical . For example, some systems protozoan several ways to reproduce , political systems to solve some of their problems with other countries have several solutions , one of Hlhast war but diplomacy , alliances with other countries , the potential threat and the other solutions politicians are being considered and each country can take advantage of one or more methods .
The stability of the system:
Balance -end systems and environmental changes on the one hand and on the other it depends on internal discipline . Dinosaurs millions of years ago due to sharp changes in environmental destruction were dashed . Because the animals could not balance with the environment .
Þ ====== ======= system stability and adaptability rapidly changing environment quickly
In other words, system instability arises when the desired output characteristic of the undesirable characteristics change. Moreover, it is not possible to return to optimum and non- optimum system status is secondary .
Cybernetics :
Cybernetics is the science of communication and control is also called the basis for the " model of living systems " is. Some knowledge of the relationship between man and machine, and some of it is helpful to know the organization . Characteristics Cybernetics systems can be complex, dynamic , depending on other systems still being sought Bvdnv risk -oriented . Cybernetics model is the basis for all activities of the conscious and unconscious control , and are being sustained .
Island system :
but the general instability of the system is going to the island .
Feedback or so are :
Feedback or after one of the mechanisms that are available in most such systems . The simplest thermostats are mechanical devices that operate with a feedback mechanism . An increase or decrease in accidents on or off acting thermostats are set .
Parts of the organization - a systems approach :
The system can thus be looking at the components :
1 - people with different aspects of the spiritual and material dimensions of existence , the people in the organization will be considered . Every person trained in certain circumstances , has its own characteristics . The direction should be seen as a unique present , with education , training, and special features is their exclusive .
The other man in an organizational position within the organization and duties are assigned a number . Members of management or administration office and whether there should be a formal member of the organization . The role and importance of the informal organization .
Every human is a member of the informal group of friends and organizations . In addition, a network management organization whose members are elected from both men .
The management network for people of each of the above aspects should be considered that they are each special character , the formal , informal roles , skills and special abilities of their own.
In addition , every person irrespective of membership organizations, social institutions , political and other members of his behavior affects others .
2 - There is an information system that makes decisions Ramysr . Leaders can not make your decision based on your personal tastes . Successful managers Tsmymhaysh based on information that is accurate and based on facts . When the necessary information is readily available .
3 - Implementation Methods and Materials: The method is a combination of factors , may not be the best approach . It is inevitable to maintain the dynamics of the evolution of the conventional methods .
4 - Organization is in and the peculiarities of the environment and affect the organization .
5 - Equipment and technology : rapid technological developments and organizational routines to the new facility will be equipped and organized as a system must be able to reach a balance with technology developments
The purpose of this paper is to address these attitudes . Holistic approach or system. In this paper is presented as the systemic thinking . The " system of systems thinking will be described in terms of management and systems thinking is discussed . With the hope that attention be utilized . »
System definitions :
The system we have different definitions of the structural essence of all of them thus ;
" The system consists of a set of components linked together in ways that are taking steps to achieve the overall goal ."
The system can not be limited to material objects in the system according to another definition of thought beyond the tangible and physical objects , we thus defined ;
" The overall system is composed of related components , an organized body of material or non-material things "
Thought wire material can be known about the smallest atom to the galaxies were used .
The system can be observed in the human or animal body , hence ;
" The system is a collection of organs or body parts of animals which have the same structure and are similar or serve a specific purpose . Like the animal body as a whole "
As mentioned previously, a system of thought or mental templates that can be utilized in a collision phenomena . The idea of a small cell system to humans, human societies and organizations and can be used in the solar system and galaxies . In fact , our system limits the scope of our subject .
Interferometer system:
The system may be used at the same time in several systems . While a student is part of a family , the school system , the football team , youth team and the neighborhood is located. A member of the office staff on one hand and on the other systems, like a family member , a mosque, cooperative banks, and it is . A bus driver in the transport system that at one time , the family, society and the summary is a member of the social system bus passengers .
Systems thinking :
Since the two kinds of attitude is common phenomena . In other words, communities , scientists and experts of every phenomenon in two different modes put his attention . These two approaches were:
A - Attitude oriented analysis and mechanistic
B - holistic or systemic approach
Both approaches have their roots in ancient civilizations used at different times and their interests have benefited human society . Analysis -oriented attitude first type is derived from the ancient Greek philosophers thought . The phenomenon is first divided into components and the study of the behavior of each component to achieve the behavior of the phenomenon . In other words, the behavior of phenomena, knows the sum of its components ' behavior .
1 - The only thing for him to accept that truth is clear .
2 - any question as long as possible is decomposed into smaller elements .
3 - work to start by examining the simplest element , then gradually and in an orderly manner to the study of more complex deals. To the characteristics of the phenomenon it seeks to take certain actions or causes of the phenomenon, see.
System and the environment :
Each system has a larger range where the environment is considered , the system is affected and affects its environment . The environment is something that acts as an intermediary in the trading system . For example, humans have a system that is located in a geographical area . The ambient air, food and other needs and provides his own cause changes in the environment . Human family and the larger systems in which they interact , forming environment .
Systems theory was first introduced in the physical sciences to other disciplines such as management was pulled. System , a set of inter-related elements that make a Klmlmy . Four types of organizational system receives input from the environment : material , human, financial and information resources . The combination of its inputs and transformed them again as goods and services, profits , losses, employee behavior , and the additional information into the environment . The system outputs according to the feedback received from the environment is .
How to think ?
Mental fitness is a condition of entry into the world system . Two simple examples of the lack of systemic thinking in our society.
You respond immediately means that the car has four wheels . The questioner asks again whether there may be a car with three wheels ? Pay more deep thinking and a means impossible that you do not know and maybe you've seen something similar in the past . Once you have adjusted your answer , yes, it is possible that there is a car with three wheels . But , why does not end here . See with any question you have been forced to adopt a new way of thinking each time into a new realm of thinking you have been given . An example of a typical example of the kind of thinking that makes us the foundation for personal and social behavior . As usual , we lost the idea of getting into rigid habits have been released on to a new way of thinking about ourselves and bring their new ideas to every moment and every time . Scientific and practical relations of phenomena to think we have entered a new world . Shows us a world where the wonders of creation and the limitless potential of the human mind and the intelligence that we have discovered .
Complex world of wonder that it continues to infinity . It is observed that all the capacity and complexity of a single cell to create a world system and its creator galaxies choice but to surrender and bow will not .
Classification System:
Classification system of open and closed systems :
As stated on the basis of different systems can be classified . One classification system is differentiated into two types : open and closed .
In some systems , and in this respect at least some of the peak . Thus it is absolutely closed, partially closed and open systems can be divided into three categories .
Hierarchical system:
Smaller systems into larger systems and larger systems as the systems are still greater . In this regard, smaller systems to larger systems include systems Mshmvlv say.
Forms of communication and interactions of the system:
Each system has two types of interaction.with the external environment. This kind of interaction can also be done in a variety of forms and concepts .
Continuity and rupture forces in the system:
The integrity of the system elements and their support system elements are trying to break it . We call the elements of the division of transplantation . Such mechanisms are used in natural systems . In contrast to other factors , we are in the collection and disposal of pesticides, so its critical to keep the system in equilibrium . Renal glands produce sweat , and among them , the creation of self-regulatory systems have made it possible to survive the creatures .
Each input can be output to other systems :
Each input and output can be output to other systems constitute dimensional input systems probably others.gas , heater , fan , air conditioner and other systems is used as input .
First of all systems of the future system performance can be affected by :
- The end result is not necessarily profitable .
Closing time :
Systems in different directories that share its goals . There are several guidelines to solve every problem that the system can use one or more of your goals makes practical . For example, some systems protozoan several ways to reproduce , political systems to solve some of their problems with other countries have several solutions , one of Hlhast war but diplomacy , alliances with other countries , the potential threat and the other solutions politicians are being considered and each country can take advantage of one or more methods .
The stability of the system:
Balance -end systems and environmental changes on the one hand and on the other it depends on internal discipline . Dinosaurs millions of years ago due to sharp changes in environmental destruction were dashed . Because the animals could not balance with the environment .
Þ ====== ======= system stability and adaptability rapidly changing environment quickly
In other words, system instability arises when the desired output characteristic of the undesirable characteristics change. Moreover, it is not possible to return to optimum and non- optimum system status is secondary .
Cybernetics :
Cybernetics is the science of communication and control is also called the basis for the " model of living systems " is. Some knowledge of the relationship between man and machine, and some of it is helpful to know the organization . Characteristics Cybernetics systems can be complex, dynamic , depending on other systems still being sought Bvdnv risk -oriented . Cybernetics model is the basis for all activities of the conscious and unconscious control , and are being sustained .
Island system :
but the general instability of the system is going to the island .
Feedback or so are :
Feedback or after one of the mechanisms that are available in most such systems . The simplest thermostats are mechanical devices that operate with a feedback mechanism . An increase or decrease in accidents on or off acting thermostats are set .
Parts of the organization - a systems approach :
The system can thus be looking at the components :
1 - people with different aspects of the spiritual and material dimensions of existence , the people in the organization will be considered . Every person trained in certain circumstances , has its own characteristics . The direction should be seen as a unique present , with education , training, and special features is their exclusive .
The other man in an organizational position within the organization and duties are assigned a number . Members of management or administration office and whether there should be a formal member of the organization . The role and importance of the informal organization .
Every human is a member of the informal group of friends and organizations . In addition, a network management organization whose members are elected from both men .
The management network for people of each of the above aspects should be considered that they are each special character , the formal , informal roles , skills and special abilities of their own.
In addition , every person irrespective of membership organizations, social institutions , political and other members of his behavior affects others .
2 - There is an information system that makes decisions Ramysr . Leaders can not make your decision based on your personal tastes . Successful managers Tsmymhaysh based on information that is accurate and based on facts . When the necessary information is readily available .
3 - Implementation Methods and Materials: The method is a combination of factors , may not be the best approach . It is inevitable to maintain the dynamics of the evolution of the conventional methods .
4 - Organization is in and the peculiarities of the environment and affect the organization .
5 - Equipment and technology : rapid technological developments and organizational routines to the new facility will be equipped and organized as a system must be able to reach a balance with technology developments
Saturday, October 12, 2013
Leaders of Change
Nowadays overcome the resistance to change that to 10 or 15 years ago was the most common issues management books and management seminars , we hear less . Every person has already accepted that change is inevitable .
But in a period of rapid and extensive change , like what we live in , the pandemic would be normal .
Sure, change is painful and risky task, and above all requires effort will be tough . But if your job does not change the leadership of the organization , ( including the commercial organization , a university or a hospital ) will not saved . In a period of rapid fundamental changes will be saved only organizations that are leaders from the change . Thus , a major challenge for managers in twenty-first century , it will be a lead change in their organizations , become.
To achieve this goal, the need for implementing the policies and actions that lead to the present , create the future .
Behind yesterday
Yesterday maintenance is always problematic and time consuming .
Yesterday keeping it always leads to something scarce resources and above all Qadrtryn personnel to achieve results . But doing things in different ways - innovation only - always waiting outside will cause problems . And if people are willing to hold yesterday , meaning that they simply will not be ready to build tomorrow .
So , first change policy should be organized behind . The leader tries to change the product, service , process , market, distribution channels , customer and end-user over the life of the experiment . This is done according to a specific schedule .
If not , should not be allowed to further studies should be done to see what is better ? These cases should be left behind yesterday .
1 - When you believe any of the products , services , or processes to market a good few years of life still remains. Such products, services, markets or processes that are definitely in decline and almost always require the most care and attention should always estimate how much of the time in real life , they are retained . But generally they are in decline , but they are dead .
2 - When the only argument for maintaining a product, service , or process in the market , such that its value is zero . What question must be that would generate ?
3 - Once the preserve of a product, service or old process , product, service or process is new and growing neglected .
we've arrived ?
And it should be a question about products, services, markets and processes , both successful and unsuccessful, to be asked . We also have a very important question about distributors and distribution network in periods of rapid change, they tend to change more than anything else , to be asked .
Systematic improvement
Everything the company does , both internally and externally , whether the product or service, production process , marketing , technology , education, human resource development and use of information is necessary for the current annual rate , to be recovered . In most areas, a 3% real annual rate of improvements is available and the need to improve the systematic and continuous .
However, the requirement for continuous improvement of decision making by the organization. The following questions should answer questions such as : What is the function of a defined area ? The quality of a product? How much improvement can be specified by the customer ? " Having defined the scope of services is often very difficult .
Continuous improvement in every area of operations is often deformity . They are guided towards creativity and innovation in services will be created . Processes and to create new businesses . Continuous improvement is often a fundamental change .
Successful exploitation
About 70 or 80 years of innovation and monthly reports since its introduction to most commercial organizations . Almost without exception, the first page of this report , the fields and the results are less than expected or anticipated costs more than the budget figure shows . This report focuses on the problems .
The problem can not be neglected . But Tghyyrbvdn leader should companies focus on opportunities . In order to achieve this need to make a small change , but it is fundamental : the front page of the new monthly report should focus on the results that were better than expected , then the page will be a major problem . Time for a new page must be the same as the time spent on the page .
As in the case of continuous improvement , operational success, however sooner or later will lead us to a major innovation .
Systematic innovation
Today, more attention is innovation . Behind lay a structured , continuous improvement and exploitation of success may be beneficial for many companies . Without those policies , no organization can not hope to succeed in innovation .
But the leader of a successful change , should there be a policy of systematic innovation .
The valve includes :
1 - successes, failures, and successes and failures of the expected unexpected competitors;
2 - contradiction and discrepancy between what is and what it should be - especially as differences in the production and distribution processes or activities and efforts between industry and the values and expectations of their customers ;
3 - Poor communication needs and requirements of the process, the internal processes of the organization ;
4 - Changes in market -based industry ;
5 - Changes in the population ;
6 - Changes in meaning and acceptability - for example, changes in vision, seeing the glass half empty half full of it ;
7 - new knowledge .
Any change in one of these cases raised questions whether this is an opportunity for innovation ? " Innovation is never without risk . But if innovation is based on exploitation of the events occurred , would be far less risky than taking Ghyrbhrh situations .
Avoid traps innovation
The changing face of innovation leaders , with three animals . They are so attractive that may be one or all three of their leaders frequently fall into the trap .
1 - When you are looking for innovative ways , the animal should be avoided is a situation that is consistent with the strategic realities : low birth rate , changes in consumer creates a non-fixed income . Even if innovation does not lead to failure - as often happens - always require high efforts , money and time.
2 - The second trap of confusing innovation is novelty . Testing is an innovation creates value . Only provides novelty entertainment . Management repeatedly for no other reason than the same daily tasks and tedious , action and innovation that is not the point whether we like it ? Rather, it is that customers want and going for it ?
3 - The third trap of confusing the movement and action. Usually when a product, service or process is not profitable should be set aside or quickly changed. Management is needed to ensure this does often . But it should be done after surgery . The reorganization itself is a movement and not a substitute for action .
Only one way to avoid the above mentioned animals or rescued animals are caught , there is one person that organize prerequisite for change.
Requirements change on a small scale : one can not do market research on new real scale . No Growth is perfect for the first time . Problems can occur without anyone ever thinks . A major innovation of the problems which seem to have reached a partial or palpable .
It's almost a law of nature that new anything real , whether the product or service or a technology , its main markets and main consumer necessarily the innovators and companies does not expect .
The best example is the initial sample . Improvement of the steam engine, "James Watt " in the seventeenth century, an event that is designed for most people , it is stated that the advent of the industrial revolution . James Watt 's steam engine in his lifetime , only one application can see the water draining out of the coal mine . So , he just sold their coal mines . The true father of the industrial revolution has Matyvbvltvn his partner . 10 or 15 years after it was reduced by 70% .
Studies , market research and computer simulation , there is no substitute for reality testing . Anything new , or improved , the need to test on a small scale the initial testing is required . Considering that anything new is difficult at times , requires a leader and a hero who is respected organization , but it is not necessary that the person is present .
The best way to test a new product or service that a customer often we find that it is calling for innovation and willingness to cooperate success with the manufacturer .
Budget Changes
In most companies , there is only one budget . In good times and costs will increase . In bad times and costs decrease. This process does not guarantee future actually hold . Change leadership requires two separate budgets . An operating budget is the first budget to be required to maintain a current business expense on the show , usually between 80 to 90 percent of kidney expenses. Always the question : What is the minimum budget needed to continue operations ? It was to be funded . In difficult times should be modified to reverse the change of leadership should be a separate budget for the future . The budget must be maintained in good and bad times . The budget of slightly more than 10 to 20 percent of the total cost will be.
( Important note : However , at times there will be events that will threaten the persistence to keep those costs . )
Similarly, for new products , new services and new technologies , the development of markets , customers and distribution networks , and above all, to develop human resources in the budget should be told .
Future funding requirements can be the most desirable thing in these activities in order to gain the best results , what is ? Found .
Common but dangerous practice, to reduce costs in order to achieve success , especially in the difficult times . It is thought that the product, service or technology is successful , however , and there is no need to spend more money . But it is true that this is a success , and therefore require the most protection possible . Should be supported , especially in bad times when we are in competition to reduce costs .
Balance , change and continuity
Organizations that are change leaders actually have to change the design . But people need continuity . They should know what their situation . They need to know with whom they work.
They need to know the organization 's values and rules . If the environment unpredictable , incomprehensible and unknown , as well as the operation will fail. Continuation equally outside the organization needed . Rapid changes in the long-term ability to communicate and cooperate with suppliers and distributors is.
Balance the need for continuity and ongoing work on the current data . Nothing Ghyrmvsq of information , communication and destruction will not lead to rupture of continuity (with the exception , perhaps , intentional Ghyrmvsq information ).
Each of these companies has become a routine for every change , even for the lowest categories of who should be aware of ? A company that wants to be a successful change leader must be consistent with the regulations . Above all, the need for fundamental strength of the organization , including the goals, values , and practices and their results are described . Considering that the constant factor is change in leadership institutions , must be super strong base .
Finally , the balance between change and continuity should be based on rewards , recognition and award to be made ..
The more an organization is recognized as a leader of change is greater need to balance rapid change and continuity . The balance of the consideration will be tomorrow's management .
One thing is certain , we are facing a profound change for years . It would be vain to ignore the changes and pretend that tomorrow will be like yesterday . Although the changes are not predictable , the policy will be successful - although the risk is high - the future is implemented .
New realities strategy
In a rapidly changing and highly uncertain period strategy as an example that the world is facing at the beginning of the twenty first century , carpel can accordingly be based ? Is there anything definitive ?
In the next five phenomenon can be considered definitive . However , they are different from what is considered the current strategy and, above all , are not primarily economic . They are social and political . These phenomena include:
1 - Shdydzad rate reduction : One of the important facts - like the history that never occurred - the fertility rate is decreasing . Even more importantly, the age distribution of power in society .be .
2 - Changes in the nature of revenue expenditure : when businesses and industries are aware of their market position than virtually any combination of really important and practically none of them do not know if do not participate in purchase products services consumers increasing finds or decreases.
Therefore, small changes can be found in the more important recent trends are distributed .
The quartet 's current revenues are expected to grow in the 21st century include government institutions, healthcare, educational, academic, and recreational trends in these four sections , the first thing that strategies should be considered .
3 - A new definition of performance: the emergence of two types of workers Ghyrydy middle class and increasing life expectancy , causing the development of institutions such as pension funds and mutual funds are . This modern and developed society that funds of asset owners are public corporations . Now, with the change in ownership , we are faced with a change in power .
In the United States in the late 1920s , the prevailing theory , although unknown , was based on this that the business should be the stock of all stakeholders including customers, employees , shareholders and the balance to be like them and indeed to anyone could be calculated.
The theory claims that American businesses must act exclusively for short-term interests of shareholders , lasting and not tenable and should be revised . Economic security of countless people who have a longer life expectancy , increasingly dependent on revenues as they are shareholders . The emphasis on performance measurement , based on the interests of shareholders , other applications will not.
Immediate achievements in the rate of earnings and shareholders' equity is not what it needs. Their economic returns for 20 or 30 years later is required . We will have a short-term results , ( what is now focusing on the cumulative shareholder ) must balance its long-term business and life .
Also, companies increasingly have to satisfy their interests and well-educated academic staff . Function must be defined in such a way that the non- academic staff and their commitment to stimulate meaningful .
Organizations anywhere in the world can not have too long to live on cheaper labor (except small businesses such as local restaurants ) and the labor productivity of the same workers they quickly gain the industry its leaders .
This is particularly true in manufacturing . In most manufacturing industries in developed countries , labor costs are quickly becoming smaller and smaller factor is . Now the cost is equal to or less than one eighth of the total cost of developing the product . This means that the life of twentieth-century economic development model - a model that was first developed by the Japanese after 1955 - has ended .
But in a period of rapid and extensive change , like what we live in , the pandemic would be normal .
Sure, change is painful and risky task, and above all requires effort will be tough . But if your job does not change the leadership of the organization , ( including the commercial organization , a university or a hospital ) will not saved . In a period of rapid fundamental changes will be saved only organizations that are leaders from the change . Thus , a major challenge for managers in twenty-first century , it will be a lead change in their organizations , become.
To achieve this goal, the need for implementing the policies and actions that lead to the present , create the future .
Behind yesterday
Yesterday maintenance is always problematic and time consuming .
Yesterday keeping it always leads to something scarce resources and above all Qadrtryn personnel to achieve results . But doing things in different ways - innovation only - always waiting outside will cause problems . And if people are willing to hold yesterday , meaning that they simply will not be ready to build tomorrow .
So , first change policy should be organized behind . The leader tries to change the product, service , process , market, distribution channels , customer and end-user over the life of the experiment . This is done according to a specific schedule .
If not , should not be allowed to further studies should be done to see what is better ? These cases should be left behind yesterday .
1 - When you believe any of the products , services , or processes to market a good few years of life still remains. Such products, services, markets or processes that are definitely in decline and almost always require the most care and attention should always estimate how much of the time in real life , they are retained . But generally they are in decline , but they are dead .
2 - When the only argument for maintaining a product, service , or process in the market , such that its value is zero . What question must be that would generate ?
3 - Once the preserve of a product, service or old process , product, service or process is new and growing neglected .
we've arrived ?
And it should be a question about products, services, markets and processes , both successful and unsuccessful, to be asked . We also have a very important question about distributors and distribution network in periods of rapid change, they tend to change more than anything else , to be asked .
Systematic improvement
Everything the company does , both internally and externally , whether the product or service, production process , marketing , technology , education, human resource development and use of information is necessary for the current annual rate , to be recovered . In most areas, a 3% real annual rate of improvements is available and the need to improve the systematic and continuous .
However, the requirement for continuous improvement of decision making by the organization. The following questions should answer questions such as : What is the function of a defined area ? The quality of a product? How much improvement can be specified by the customer ? " Having defined the scope of services is often very difficult .
Continuous improvement in every area of operations is often deformity . They are guided towards creativity and innovation in services will be created . Processes and to create new businesses . Continuous improvement is often a fundamental change .
Successful exploitation
About 70 or 80 years of innovation and monthly reports since its introduction to most commercial organizations . Almost without exception, the first page of this report , the fields and the results are less than expected or anticipated costs more than the budget figure shows . This report focuses on the problems .
The problem can not be neglected . But Tghyyrbvdn leader should companies focus on opportunities . In order to achieve this need to make a small change , but it is fundamental : the front page of the new monthly report should focus on the results that were better than expected , then the page will be a major problem . Time for a new page must be the same as the time spent on the page .
As in the case of continuous improvement , operational success, however sooner or later will lead us to a major innovation .
Systematic innovation
Today, more attention is innovation . Behind lay a structured , continuous improvement and exploitation of success may be beneficial for many companies . Without those policies , no organization can not hope to succeed in innovation .
But the leader of a successful change , should there be a policy of systematic innovation .
The valve includes :
1 - successes, failures, and successes and failures of the expected unexpected competitors;
2 - contradiction and discrepancy between what is and what it should be - especially as differences in the production and distribution processes or activities and efforts between industry and the values and expectations of their customers ;
3 - Poor communication needs and requirements of the process, the internal processes of the organization ;
4 - Changes in market -based industry ;
5 - Changes in the population ;
6 - Changes in meaning and acceptability - for example, changes in vision, seeing the glass half empty half full of it ;
7 - new knowledge .
Any change in one of these cases raised questions whether this is an opportunity for innovation ? " Innovation is never without risk . But if innovation is based on exploitation of the events occurred , would be far less risky than taking Ghyrbhrh situations .
Avoid traps innovation
The changing face of innovation leaders , with three animals . They are so attractive that may be one or all three of their leaders frequently fall into the trap .
1 - When you are looking for innovative ways , the animal should be avoided is a situation that is consistent with the strategic realities : low birth rate , changes in consumer creates a non-fixed income . Even if innovation does not lead to failure - as often happens - always require high efforts , money and time.
2 - The second trap of confusing innovation is novelty . Testing is an innovation creates value . Only provides novelty entertainment . Management repeatedly for no other reason than the same daily tasks and tedious , action and innovation that is not the point whether we like it ? Rather, it is that customers want and going for it ?
3 - The third trap of confusing the movement and action. Usually when a product, service or process is not profitable should be set aside or quickly changed. Management is needed to ensure this does often . But it should be done after surgery . The reorganization itself is a movement and not a substitute for action .
Only one way to avoid the above mentioned animals or rescued animals are caught , there is one person that organize prerequisite for change.
Requirements change on a small scale : one can not do market research on new real scale . No Growth is perfect for the first time . Problems can occur without anyone ever thinks . A major innovation of the problems which seem to have reached a partial or palpable .
It's almost a law of nature that new anything real , whether the product or service or a technology , its main markets and main consumer necessarily the innovators and companies does not expect .
The best example is the initial sample . Improvement of the steam engine, "James Watt " in the seventeenth century, an event that is designed for most people , it is stated that the advent of the industrial revolution . James Watt 's steam engine in his lifetime , only one application can see the water draining out of the coal mine . So , he just sold their coal mines . The true father of the industrial revolution has Matyvbvltvn his partner . 10 or 15 years after it was reduced by 70% .
Studies , market research and computer simulation , there is no substitute for reality testing . Anything new , or improved , the need to test on a small scale the initial testing is required . Considering that anything new is difficult at times , requires a leader and a hero who is respected organization , but it is not necessary that the person is present .
The best way to test a new product or service that a customer often we find that it is calling for innovation and willingness to cooperate success with the manufacturer .
Budget Changes
In most companies , there is only one budget . In good times and costs will increase . In bad times and costs decrease. This process does not guarantee future actually hold . Change leadership requires two separate budgets . An operating budget is the first budget to be required to maintain a current business expense on the show , usually between 80 to 90 percent of kidney expenses. Always the question : What is the minimum budget needed to continue operations ? It was to be funded . In difficult times should be modified to reverse the change of leadership should be a separate budget for the future . The budget must be maintained in good and bad times . The budget of slightly more than 10 to 20 percent of the total cost will be.
( Important note : However , at times there will be events that will threaten the persistence to keep those costs . )
Similarly, for new products , new services and new technologies , the development of markets , customers and distribution networks , and above all, to develop human resources in the budget should be told .
Future funding requirements can be the most desirable thing in these activities in order to gain the best results , what is ? Found .
Common but dangerous practice, to reduce costs in order to achieve success , especially in the difficult times . It is thought that the product, service or technology is successful , however , and there is no need to spend more money . But it is true that this is a success , and therefore require the most protection possible . Should be supported , especially in bad times when we are in competition to reduce costs .
Balance , change and continuity
Organizations that are change leaders actually have to change the design . But people need continuity . They should know what their situation . They need to know with whom they work.
They need to know the organization 's values and rules . If the environment unpredictable , incomprehensible and unknown , as well as the operation will fail. Continuation equally outside the organization needed . Rapid changes in the long-term ability to communicate and cooperate with suppliers and distributors is.
Balance the need for continuity and ongoing work on the current data . Nothing Ghyrmvsq of information , communication and destruction will not lead to rupture of continuity (with the exception , perhaps , intentional Ghyrmvsq information ).
Each of these companies has become a routine for every change , even for the lowest categories of who should be aware of ? A company that wants to be a successful change leader must be consistent with the regulations . Above all, the need for fundamental strength of the organization , including the goals, values , and practices and their results are described . Considering that the constant factor is change in leadership institutions , must be super strong base .
Finally , the balance between change and continuity should be based on rewards , recognition and award to be made ..
The more an organization is recognized as a leader of change is greater need to balance rapid change and continuity . The balance of the consideration will be tomorrow's management .
One thing is certain , we are facing a profound change for years . It would be vain to ignore the changes and pretend that tomorrow will be like yesterday . Although the changes are not predictable , the policy will be successful - although the risk is high - the future is implemented .
New realities strategy
In a rapidly changing and highly uncertain period strategy as an example that the world is facing at the beginning of the twenty first century , carpel can accordingly be based ? Is there anything definitive ?
In the next five phenomenon can be considered definitive . However , they are different from what is considered the current strategy and, above all , are not primarily economic . They are social and political . These phenomena include:
1 - Shdydzad rate reduction : One of the important facts - like the history that never occurred - the fertility rate is decreasing . Even more importantly, the age distribution of power in society .be .
2 - Changes in the nature of revenue expenditure : when businesses and industries are aware of their market position than virtually any combination of really important and practically none of them do not know if do not participate in purchase products services consumers increasing finds or decreases.
Therefore, small changes can be found in the more important recent trends are distributed .
The quartet 's current revenues are expected to grow in the 21st century include government institutions, healthcare, educational, academic, and recreational trends in these four sections , the first thing that strategies should be considered .
3 - A new definition of performance: the emergence of two types of workers Ghyrydy middle class and increasing life expectancy , causing the development of institutions such as pension funds and mutual funds are . This modern and developed society that funds of asset owners are public corporations . Now, with the change in ownership , we are faced with a change in power .
In the United States in the late 1920s , the prevailing theory , although unknown , was based on this that the business should be the stock of all stakeholders including customers, employees , shareholders and the balance to be like them and indeed to anyone could be calculated.
The theory claims that American businesses must act exclusively for short-term interests of shareholders , lasting and not tenable and should be revised . Economic security of countless people who have a longer life expectancy , increasingly dependent on revenues as they are shareholders . The emphasis on performance measurement , based on the interests of shareholders , other applications will not.
Immediate achievements in the rate of earnings and shareholders' equity is not what it needs. Their economic returns for 20 or 30 years later is required . We will have a short-term results , ( what is now focusing on the cumulative shareholder ) must balance its long-term business and life .
Also, companies increasingly have to satisfy their interests and well-educated academic staff . Function must be defined in such a way that the non- academic staff and their commitment to stimulate meaningful .
Organizations anywhere in the world can not have too long to live on cheaper labor (except small businesses such as local restaurants ) and the labor productivity of the same workers they quickly gain the industry its leaders .
This is particularly true in manufacturing . In most manufacturing industries in developed countries , labor costs are quickly becoming smaller and smaller factor is . Now the cost is equal to or less than one eighth of the total cost of developing the product . This means that the life of twentieth-century economic development model - a model that was first developed by the Japanese after 1955 - has ended .
Saturday, October 5, 2013
Laughter artificial or real?
How to recognize genuine smile of artificial laughter ? Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen doctor doctor on this page , they will quote high system called the Facial Action Coding System , or FACS were established through which the facial muscles feel better about their analysis .
In addition to real laughter muscles of the mouth of the cotyledon up killing the eyes of the Chinese manner.
Although the simplest and most natural smile face , but it is possible to induce a lot of meanings .this will enable smiles are not one hundred percent preventable .
If anyone smile on the face than when it is appropriate to maintain the position , then you are sure you deliver an artificial smile .
Smile more than four seconds left is usually considered to be artificial .
Real smiles and felt spontaneous activity of the two muscles are the main results . One of the major anterior muscles , the muscles , the lip corners to sit up and take to the species . Another genuine smiles are usually active muscles , the muscles around the mouth and cheeks , and boosts the skin from the inside of the eye socket , I will gather .
Darwin was the first to discover the main anterior muscle activity , manifested in actual operating experience of positive emotion and laughter is normal , and the latest scientific research based on the same principle as that of Darwin , is stable.
Analyzed artificial and fake smiles when we smile we find Hmhjht are fictitious . Nyshkhndh not associated with any emotion , though it may be a very big smile and are very interested Lbkhndznndgan you believe the authenticity of their smile . But it will never be able to fool the experts . Although a very subtle smile, synthetic imitation of a real smile , but are usually used to hide negative emotions .
Artificial smiles could be seen on the faces of those politicians who lose the election .
See also when people just assume you are happy, smiles artificial atmosphere. Frvshndhhayy seek to sell their wares to the customers home (but good traders ) artificial smiles are flawless . What is missing in all these smiles , warmth and genuine happiness which is easily visible in the figure . Those jobs will require actors to hide negative emotions , usually displaying a smile that do not feel they are proficient . Despite these very real smile smile different and does not convey the same meaning .
Artificial smiles seen in the muscles around the mouth, around the eyes, sedentary . No one is able to smile with any amount of exercise , the movements of the muscles completely unrealistic to demonstrate. It seems that the muscles around the mouth are controlled by the brain , and only when there is a real and genuine emotion , are activated . If you want to make someone smile enough originality to her mouth , but the eyes do not look at this example. If unruffled around the eyes, dead eyes and empty state of the life assured , you are seeing a artificial smile
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